The Orthopedic Implants are the medical devices which are fabricated for replacing a missing bone or joint or for supporting a bone which is damaged. The operation of internal fixation in orthopaedic is involved for implementing the implants surgically for the cause of repairing the bone. There are various types of medical implants and the common types include rods, pins, plates and screws which are utilized for anchoring the fractured bones while these restore to health. Some of the implants and their uses are discussed below-
Dynamic compression blade
The metallic plates which are utilized in orthopaedics after fractures for the internal fixations of bones are known as dynamic compression plate or DCP. The plate is fabricated for exerting pressure fragments which are to be transfixed and the bone. Either a special dynamic compression plate or a tension device is attached to a plate for achieving dynamic compression. For allowing insertion of the tension device in compression plating, a longer surgical incision is required which also eliminates the chances of refracture after placing of the plate. A comminuted fracture is bridged by utilizing a neutralization plate which also transmits torsional or bending forces to the distal fragment from the proximal. Collapse is prevented by buttressing the plates which also supports an area of cancellous bone graft or thin cortex. The bone may be predisposed to fracture when plates are utilized because beneath the plate the atrophy of the bone is caused. Fractures may occur after removal of the plates through the screw holes.
Harrington rod
The surgical device made of stainless steel is called Harrington rod or Harrington implant. For treating the spinal column the Harrington rod was implemented along it. The other conditions of implementing this rod include scoliosis or coronal plane or lateral curvature of spine. The instrumentation of Harrington rod was used to treat deformity and instability of the spine. During movements, when the spine could maintain its normal shape, the deformity occurs. The consequences of such instability can be spinal deformities, nerve damage and disabling pain. Spinal deformities can be caused by fractures, birth defects, marfan syndrome, neuromuscular diseases, neurofibromatosis, tumors and severe injuries. Mainly for the treatment of scoliosis the Harrington rod was used.
Kirschner wire
K-wires or Kirscner wires or pins are sharpened, sterilized, smooth pins made of stainless steel. These wires are used extensively in orthopaedics, veterinary and other types of surgeries. Different sizes of these wires are available which are utilized for offering an anchor for skeletal traction or for pin fixation or for holding the fragments of bone together. Percutaneous pin fixation or through the skin the pins are driven into the bone which is done by using a hand or a power drill. These also form component of the llizarov apparatus.
During some operations, for temporary fixation the K-wires are used. Then these are removed after definitive fixation. Generally four weeks post operation these pins are removed. If the fracture fragments are small like hand injuries and wrist fractures then these can be utilized for definitive fixation. These can be also utilized for intramedullary fixation of bones like the ulna.
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